The above map is of D&D's Faerun, a popular official setting for tabletop players. It lists regions, nations, and polities. Gives one a strong idea of the diverse amount of stuff that could be explored in a fictional setting.
Now that I've given you a better idea what this prompt asks for. What polities, regions, and nations exists if your world? What is their culture about?

Nation: Yuukoma
Regions: Heartlands Region, Ashenan Plains Region, Mohai Desert Region, Sonkun Jungle Region
Culture: Cosmopolitan, artistic, merchantile
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Nation: Ardium
Regions: Nozrelian East Shore, Nozrelian Central Lands, Nozrelian West Shore
Culture: Nationalistic, industrious, militant
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Nation: Tijara
Regions: Golden Sea Gulf, Tijaran Floodlands, North Zeran Desert
Culture: Hypercapitalistic, innovative, competitive
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Nation: Vainas
Regions: Vainas Summer Fields, Vainas Frost Mountains, Vainas Woodland
Culture: Communal, isolated, perservering
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Nation: Al-Zara
Regions: Zaran Coasts, Southern Zeran Desert, Eastern Mohai Desert
Culture: Religious, proud, hospitable
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Nation: Galia
Regions: Fog Coast, Galian Central Highlands, Western Sonkun Plains
Culture: Aristocratic, noble, militant
Kingdom of Velliad
Regions: The Great Coast, Summer Plains, Sofrod Highlands, Wenx Swamp, Xok Island
Capital City: Port Padd
Government type: Constitutional monarchy
Culture: Militaristic, aristocratic, heavy focus on agriculture, deeply traditionalist.
Grand Duchy of Setgaj
Regions: Nochax Forest, Teben Snowfield, Ice Wastes, Frozen Coast
Capital City: Buzgrad
Government type: Fedual duchy
Culture: Isolationist, decentralized, heavy focus on mining industry, corrupted government officials, highly spiritual.
Holy Empire of Calarreb
Regions: Great Northern Plains, Qulj Mountains, Golden Coast, Holy Heart of the Empire, Eastern Steppes, Tukiv Forest, Lytren Desert
Capital City: Lyzorpolis
Government type: Theocratic parliamentary monarchy
Culture: Militaristic, nationalistic, xenophobic, heavily industrialized, high corruption, environmental issues, deeply spiritual.
Kingdom of Araisa
Regions: Kuhl Jungle, The Desert of the Ancestors, The Bronze Desert, Yopad Coast
Capital City: Sanqal City
Government type: Elective monarchy
Culture: Peaceful, focused on economy, defensive, artistic, great educational system, constant civil wars.
Khaid Alliance
Regions: Morgeb Sea, The Endless Steppes, Southern Mountains, Deij Swamps
Capital City: Port Mabbel
Government type: Alliance of city states and local tribes
Culture: Isolationist, heavy focus on agriculture, unruly, chaotic domestic politics, corrupted officials, awful economy.
Kingdom of Banzia
Regions: The Legendary Forest, Hulaw Highlands, Valley of Nesd
Capital City: Morthburg
Government type: Constitutional monarchy
Culture: Flexible economy, peaceful, highly spiritual, hospitable, artistic, weak army, good living conditions.
Kingdom of Wondryv
Regions: Island of Powq, Northern Peninsula, Green Forest, Icefield of the Fools, Silver Highlands
Capital City: New Gywzam
Government type: Absolute monarchy
Culture: Hospitable, militaristic, great navy, aristocratic, ignorant, awful economy, focus on trade and mining.
Nation: Kurkonian Empire
Regions: Kurkonian Plateu, Dozag Mountains, Plains of Labat, Casushian Mountains, Hyrasean Sea
Culture: Cosmopolitan, Imperialistic, Militant