So, in bass and guitar, electric or not, there are several tunings in general but the most common is the Drop D tuning where you down tune the E string to a D to make the distance between the two low strings a perfect seventh, which sounds better when you play them open or at the same fret. Does the same work in a violin, viola, etc in the two higher strings or not?
Violin viola cello will sometimes detune their strings (called scordatura) for certain pieces, but it's uncommon enough that there aren't really standardized alternate tunings like with guitar. Some examples are:
Saint-Saëns: danse macabre (solo violin e string tuned down to d# (or eb?))
Ysaye: poeme elegiaque (violin g string tuned down to an F, I think)
Bach: cello suite no. 5 (a string tuned to g)
Kodály: solo cello sonata (g and c strings tuned to F# and B, respectively)
Petition to make the Ling-Ling detuning challenge (A string to G♯) common practice.
There are great tunings for guitar, but I really hate tuning in general & also remembering fingerings differently!? I fear all pieces where I have to D-drop the E - but that's my lack of talent for understanding systems & tuning skills!
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