In the second chapter, in the section of "The utopian comprehension of history" he writes about the "broadening of the criteria" that happened after Peter the Great. He writes about how it will mean that Russia will "serve everyone", and that that is not shameful but a reason of pride, etc.
The thing is, taking into account that he's talking about material, practical things about politics in these sections, how did he exactly think that Rusia had to serve mankind? What was the concrete acts that would count as serving Europe/mankind? All this sections talk about that abstractly but I'd like to learn about what he thought should be actually done in this regard.
The previous section (Eastern questionends with the following :
Russia’s best interest is precisely to act even against her best interest if necessary; to make a sacrifice, so as not to violate justice. Russia cannot betray a great idea which has been her legacy from past centuries and which she has followed unswervingly until now. This idea is, among other things, one of the unity of all the Slavs; but such unity is based not upon seizure of territory or on violence; it is done as service to the whole of mankind.
Your quote :
it is our need to serve humanity in every way, even if sometimes at the expense of our own best and major immediate interests;
we became aware of our universal mission, our personality, and our role in humanity, and we could not help but become aware that this mission and this role were unlike those of other nations, for among them each individual nationality lives only for itself and in itself, while we, now that the time has come, will begin directly by becoming the servant of all for the sake of universal reconciliation.
Further :
The first step of our new policy appeared of itself after Peter’s reform: this first step had to consist in the uniting of all of Slavdom, so to say, under the wing of Russia. And this process of unification is not for seizing territory, nor for committing violence, nor for crushing the other Slavic personalities beneath the Russian colossus; it is for restoring them and placing them in their proper relationship to Europe and to humanity.
But it is certainly not so that Russia may acquire them politically and use them to enhance her own political might (although Europe suspects the latter). This is so, is it not? And accordingly, this lends weight to at least some of my “daydreams,” does it not? It follows that for this same purpose Constantinople must, sooner or later, be ours. . . .
Yes, I answer, the Golden Horn and Constantinople—all that will be ours, but not for the sake of merely annexing territory and not for the sake of violence. And in the first place it will happen of its own accord precisely because the time has come
And if Tsargrad (Constantinople) can now be ours not as Russia’s capital, then neither can it be ours as the capital of Slavdom as a whole, as some people imagine. Slavdom as a whole, without Russia, would exhaust itself there in struggling with the Greeks. But to leave Constantinople as a legacy to the Greeks alone is now utterly impossible: we must not give them such a critical point on the globe; this would be altogether too generous a gift to them. But the whole of Slavdom with Russia at its head—oh, of course, that is a different matter entirely.
I suggest you to read and make your own conlcusions of what Dostoevsky means by "serving" other nations as the ultimate goal of russians. Espicially what should be done first (as in the example of Constantinople) to make that "serving" possible.
I will refrain myself from mentioning what's going currently. Think, analyse and decide for yourself.
Edit. In general, Dostoevsky is pretty straitforward in these chapters, he lays everything before your eyes. The question is whether one percepts it or decides to ignore - for the former some knowledege of history, on the basic level, is required.
So the way Russia will serve is by "conquering", annexating other territories, "leading" them but while all of this happens letting them keep their "personality"?
Bingo. And if doesn't make sense, you're not russian enough to understand their soul, the true russianness, their eternal goal. Of which he writes a lot inbetween the paragraphs I've quoted. I'm not going to quote them, you've read them already. The thing boils down to the fact that the russians are excpetional, as they are the only ones left who stick to the true religion (russian orthodoxy). Hence their goal - to spread it, by uniting all nations under russia, which will serve everyone, as it is the ultimate goal of true chrisitianity ( = russian orthodoxy for dostoevsky).
His dreams about "Constantinople being ours" (russian) is a logical continutaion of this religion perspective - before Constantinople was the capital of the "true christianity" (orthodoxy), as the captial of Eastern Roman Empire (versus those heretics catholics of the Western Roman Empire), but Constantinople is no more (conquered by turcs), so only russia is left as a true spiritual successor. Hence, his belief in the role of russians, and his usage of the terms such as Moscow - the Third Rome (first being Rome, second - Constantinople) (if you haven't yet encountred this terminology, keep reading his writer's diary - I promise, it will be there, on multiple occasions)
This last long paragraph I wrote to show the improtance of knowing history on basic level to better understand dostoevsky's "reasonong".
I am very, very surprised to read all this. I mean, I know you're right, I've read it myself, I'm reading it myself right now-and still...
Can I DM you the next time I have doubts about this book? I've found yours the most useful insights when asking in this sub, so far, even though I'm grateful for everyone who uses their time in trying to help me. Feel totally free to say no, I mean it!
I'm no expert on his Writer's Diary, especially of many events and personas he does mention all the time - I would need to dig and do research as everyone else. But this tangent of his core views (which are integral to all his post-siberian works), their internal consistency and explanation of why it does make sense (giving the proper persepctive) - yeah, I think I can navigate it. So feel free to dm (though I'm not sure that my dms are open, if it doesn't work - just drop a comment to any of my comments).
Fine! I tried sending a message. Thanks!