Sometimes in speech, は and other particles get dropped. The います→ます is actually about the ている part not ます。In speech, sometimes 〜ている gets contracted to 〜てる。

Search on google term with 由来 or 語源 and you can typically find articles. Sometimes there will be nothing. So look search: 必死とは語源　由来 (add in kana to prevent chinese results)

From デジタル大辞泉 ４ 他の動詞の連用形に付いて用いる。 ㋐…しようとして、できない。…することがむずかしい。「納得し―・ねる」「何とも言い―・ねる」 ㋑（「…かねない」などの形で）…するかもしれない。…しそうだ。「悪口も言い出し―・ねない」

So in this case it is like saying "期待に添おうとして、できない結果となりました" , while かねない as the definition shows, is for するかもしれない, so it has a different meaning.

It's interesting because I was sure this was something I absolutely knew but I now realized I never noticed this difference until now😅

It's really hard to give any estimation because it's not exactly clear what N5 is or what N3 is. Maybe it's in line with the list of vocabulary and grammar used. However it's not surprising you find the video easy since it's slow to the point of it being unnatural and she takes extra care to add separation between words and enunciate all her words and being distinct about her mora pronunciation. You might find some anime characters to be like this but even they would have some idiosyncrasies that make it more difficult to understand. All graded material seems similar to me so I can't really gauge channel to channel. But even just basic VLOGS on youtube this video seems to be half as hard or less. If I had to give estimation compared to normal people talking.

I just watched the first three minutes but yeah seems accurate. She uses basic grammar, subtitles, talks about daily life, speaks very slowly, has pictures and explanations etc.

I’d say I know about 85% of JLPT N3 vocabulary/grammar/kanji,

Well you can pass N3 with like a little more than 60% I believe. There's also a big difference between understanding that video vs understanding the exact same conversation at natural speed with no subs or pics or repetitive explanatory rephrasing.

Looking at the definition on a dictionary, it seems that it's not necessarily an honorific, but pretty much acts like one. It's a diminutive suffix which refers to a person. It can be endearing or derogatory depending on context.

It's used in for example the word 太っちょ, meaning "fatty".

JapanesePod101? I think I used it to learn kanji back then as well

Was it Tofugu?

Counters usually show up in textbooks shortly after they introduce numbers. 

For travelling within a couple months of starting, I definitely recommend getting good at katakana and understanding how English words tend to get transcribed into katakana (ie long ア for -ar,  that sort of thing). Words borrowed from English are pretty common on signs, so if you can read them comfortably you get to use your existing English vocabulary 

The word 扇(おうぎ) is spelled あふぎ in Classical Japanese. The author probably means that the giving of a fan is a pun on the word 会ふ(あふ) = "to meet". They did something similar with the word 逢坂(あふさか) in poetry.

The shape of an open fan is considered good luck in Japan, because the widening shape represents your prosperity increasing in the future. For the same reason the number/character 八 is also good luck. See also the word 末広がり.

You are asking about wordplay and cultural questions from 1000 years ago.

I would propose that the daily thread on r/LearnJapanese is probably not a super rich environment for this kind of question.

You might want to start by looking into the many treatments of "fans" in Genji Monogatari. Lots has been said about it.

言って憚らない is sort of a fixed phrase, meaning like "I"m not afraid to say" or "I won't hesitate to say" kind of feeling.

So he is saying that that that time he felt absolutely no doubt that girls doing track should wear ponytails,

So while the world sees her as kind of cute - he felt she was (something even more than) ugly.

I studied kanji components while I also learned vocabulary and that paid massive dividends. It makes kanji a lot more memorable and visually distinct, which makes words more memorable and visually distinct. Otherwise it comes down to being exposed enough to the written language, JP subtitles, reading, typing, etc. Things I did everyday from the very second I started knowing maybe 5 words and 10 kanji at most.

https://www.kanshudo.com/components

Kaishi recommenders are often people who were well past the beginner stage once it came out and did a bunch of random shit they probably don't even remember and not just Kaishi, but have convinced themselves a lot of it was just unnecessary and a "streamlined" approach would actually be fine to often disappointing results for the beginners they run this experiment on

Honestly the deck is kinda mid exactly because of this issue you (and many others using the deck) are having. You can keep grinding til it sticks, make the cards easier by starting some kind of input (could be graded content, or at least a textbook that puts words in a broader context than just a pile of cards), and/or make the cards easier with things like individual kanji review or learning about kanji components or separate reading/meaning cards

To the author's credit he does link to a related deck for if you struggle with kanji so you could try that and make some short mnemonics using these if necessary as a first step

結構行く in this context means "go a fair distance" or "go pretty far" or something along those lines.

She seems to be scrolling and so she is saying "I bet I have to go pretty far" or "We're gonna go pretty far" (specific nuance would depending on the exact context, what she was saying before that, how this game works, etc.)

〜しまう has more uses than just "finish". Some are in textbooks - some are not, but are used in natural language like this. In this case, it is used in casual "verbal" language, to give a verb a sort of casual or "light" vibe.

You would use の with a noun. For example something like 同窓会は、東京の方がいいね。

You would use な with a な adjective.

You don't need の (or な, obviously) with an い adjective or a verb. So, 寒いの方 is incorrect.

roughly speaking with い adjectives or verbs you dont use it but otherwise you do.

やったほうが〇　/ やったのほうがx

寒いほうが〇 / 寒いのほうがx (unless you mean like 「寒い」のほうが if that makes sense)

Honorific and humble expressions are two sides of the same coin. They're the same speech register, the only difference is that you use honorific when talking about the out-group and humble when talking about the in-group.

The subject of "come" is "you" and the subject of "show around" is "I". That's why the first is honorific and the second is humble.

First of all, the sentence 私の国に来たら、ご案内します is not grammatically incorrect as Japanese.
However, it would be considered more polite and more consistent to use the honorific いらっしゃる, because the subject of the action come is the other person, and the speaker later uses a humble form toward that same person (like their boss as you assumed).

Honorifics show respect to the person performing the action, while humble expressions make the speaker’s own (or their in-group’s) action sound modest, which in turn shows respect to the other person. In this example, there are two different actions with different subjects:

1. “come”
   The subject is you, so an honorific is used: 来る → いらっしゃる
   Note: いらっしゃる is the honorific form of 来る here, not 行く.

2. “show (you) around”
   The subject is I, and the action is directed toward the other person, so a humble form is used:
   案内する → ご案内する（します）

You cannot use an honorific form for 案内する in this sentence, because that would mean the speaker is showing respect to their own action, which is not how honorifics work.

幸運なことに / ありがたいことに

It depends.

What is the situation you are thinking of?

Other all-in-one options to consider include:

• Marumori: https://marumori.io/
• NativShark: https://www.nativshark.com/

I believe Renshuu is the most often recommended “all in one” website.

Why does this bother you I don't get it? This is normal. You're gonna need a long time, we've talked about this before. Give it 1000 hours first before you think you have an issue.

you need to be a bit more patient. you're maybe putting too much emphasis on what you don't remember and not what you do.

You mention "random" settings - and in that case, for the most part the answer is yes. The language of public life is です・ます調.

What sort of setting do you have in mind?

depends on person but for some people there is always a basic level of politeness except for close family, regardless of age.

We have the same things in English: - Antonym: Black and white - Synonym: Well and good - Qualifying: Greenhouse - Action: Mountain climbing - Subject predicate: Cardiac arrest

The label isn't super important if you understand how the words are formed. It's just about recognizing patterns in morphology.

Also, if you learn Classical Chinese, a lot of kanji compounds read like fragments of a Classical Chinese sentence.

Yes.

I still have a soft spot for physical books, and these categories help me understand what I'm reading even if I don't look up everything I don't know. An understanding of these relationships makes the difficulty of looking up print in books much less relevant. You could say the same thing about the ability to write and the availability of handwriting input or OCR, but using those tools on a physical book typically involves disrupting the flow of reading to use a phone. Being able to pause for one second and think logically about the combined meanings the individual kanji are trying to impart makes it easier to keep up rather than just blanking on the words completely or wasting several more seconds to look things up. Plus in my experience, the more I use this skill, the faster and more accurate I become with my guesses.

Personally, I think adding a 'category' to try and remember/learn something, just adds one more thing to memorize. I can't see it adding any value as a learning tool.

Why are you romanizing words like that? If you don't know kana at least pick a standard romanization for spelling like hepburn.

Over a milennium of sound shifts. It's sort of like how “fortnight” is used in English to mean “forteen nights”, in fact, that's what it comes from but now it's just “fortnight”.

It's a very common thing for units to sort of fuse with their numeral and be pronounced in ways that aren't always transparent, sometimes multiple ways are possible too.

Why did you ask this exact question two days in a row?

Because that's just how it is. There's many exceptions when using suffixes like that (to count things, in this case 10 minutes, minutes working as a suffix), although they're arbitrary you will notice some logic behind said exceptions but that's just how it is. Eventually it just... sounds right.

Hiragana or katakana depending on the word. Some words are customarily written in kana (typically grammatical words or words with rare kanji) even if the person writing knows the kanji.

Eg: * Words like する and これ are almost always written in hiragana. They do technically have kanji 為る and 此れ but no one ever uses them. * Names of animals, plants, and certain scientific words that do have kanji but are too hard or complicated for everyday are typically written in katakana. Eg オウム(鸚鵡), ツツジ(躑躅), and ガン(癌) are typically written in katakana. * If you do not know the kanji for a word when handwriting, you can write it in kana. Use katakana by default if it's the name of a plant or animal, hiragana otherwise (there are exceptions). For example, it's okay to write ひびく if you can't remember how to write 響く.

When writing, yes, use a hiragana if you can't recall the kanji in the moment. It's nice to go back over it and check what it should have been after. You can also use katakana to keep it more distinct and double as practice for katakana.

One of the things I found most useful when I went to Japan after a few months of study (i.e. not enough to really use the language) was knowing the abbreviations for days of the week, so I could read the little "when is this restaurant/shop/museum open" signs on doors.

Most of the street signs are symbolic rather than kanji -- I was bike touring so I did need/want to understand street signs, but those aren't language so much as just different symbol sets in different countries.

I hadn't learned the 禁 kanji before I went to Japan, but I definitely knew it by the time I got back, just from seeing no-parking signs. (Which, again, if you're not driving, you don't need to understand.)

The thing I'd suggest most is that they practice using google translate a bit if they've never used it. It can take a few minutes to get the hang of, especially depending on how old and how phone-savvy they are -- like my dad is a retired software guy who knows a lot about computers but he sometimes struggles with phone tasks that require you to poke it in multiple ways at once. He would be perfectly happy to type in a tinyurl for a restaurant menu, but pointing a camera at a QR code and simultaneously tapping the screen when it has the little box flickering on to show the URL has been detected is a struggle for him, etc. Holding the phone steady enough in camera mode (and depending on their international plan, pre-downloading the Japanese language module) for it to translate is a skill.

Probably the most important ones are 立入禁止 and then お手洗い・トイレ.

A closed restaurant/shop will typically have a sign saying 準備中. Open restaurants/shops will have 営業中.

That said, almost all public signs will have English as well. Particularly in the big cities.

I am sure some folks here will help you. But in the meantime you may also want to visit r/JapanTravel or r/JapanTravelTips

There’s a ton of Japanese learning discords you could join and talk in Japanese. VRChat (if you’re into VR stuff) has Japanese worlds as well Japanese to English exchange worlds.

This is going to knock your socks off...