I've had an Asus TUF for almost six months now, and so far everything's been fine, but I'm wondering if playing games at 70 or 75 degrees Celsius significantly degrades the components. I usually play America's Truck Racing at 70-65 degrees Celsius, the CPU at 49-52 degrees Celsius, are these high temperatures or are they okay?

Yeah those temps are REALLY good, you don't need to worry about temps unless you seem them hitting 90s in general and even then that's to be expected if the workload is very heavy.
85 is when it starts being unsafe, 70 is amazing and 75 is good
Do cooling pads actually work?
Yeah they do
70-75°C is more than fine for a laptop. Even for a desktop it wouldn't be concerning, if a tad high considering they have way better cooling than laptops normally. But laptops run hotter in general, and you are FAR from dangerous territory. So, no. It's all fine, not high at all.